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fundamentals of rag
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This page is about the Indian melodic form known as rag (raag, raga).
rag, raga, raag, raaga, swar, swara, pakad, pakar, swarup, swaroop, sangit, sangeet, Indian music
rag, raga, raag, raaga, swar, swara, pakad, pakar, swarup, swaroop, sangit, sangeet, Indian music
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May 2, 2005
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A Digital Audio Primer:
Many people don’t care about the technology behind their stereo system. As long as it sounds good and they can press a button and listen to music, everything is fine. However, when you start working with audio on computers and the Internet, it’s important to understand a few key principles to achieve good results.
Sound reaches our ears as waves of rapidly varying air pressure caused by a vibrating object, such as a guitar string. As the string moves in one direction, it pushes on nearby air molecules, causing them to move closer together. This creates a small region of high pressure on one side of the string and low pressure on the opposite side. As the string moves in the opposite direction, the areas of high and low pressure reverse ...
The intensity of sound is called the sound pressure level (SPL) and is measured in decibels (dB SPL). Decibels are a logarithmic scale that represents how much a sound level or audio signal varies from another signal, or reference level. You might refer to a sound as being 10dB louder than another sound or 3dB softer. A 3dB change is about the minimum change in sound level that most of us can perceive. A 10dB change sounds about twice as loud.
Decibels are always relative. To use decibels to represent a specific quantity, you need to know the reference, or 0 dB level. In the case of sound intensity, 0 dB SPL represents the threshold of hearing of a young undamaged ear (a pressure of about 3 billionths of a pound per square inch). In this case, all sound pressure levels are positive numbers that show how much louder a sound is than the threshold of hearing ...
Many people don’t care about the technology behind their stereo system. As long as it sounds good and they can press a button and listen to music, everything is fine. However, when you start working with audio on computers and the Internet, it’s important to understand a few key principles to achieve good results.
Sound reaches our ears as waves of rapidly varying air pressure caused by a vibrating object, such as a guitar string. As the string moves in one direction, it pushes on nearby air molecules, causing them to move closer together. This creates a small region of high pressure on one side of the string and low pressure on the opposite side. As the string moves in the opposite direction, the areas of high and low pressure reverse ...
The intensity of sound is called the sound pressure level (SPL) and is measured in decibels (dB SPL). Decibels are a logarithmic scale that represents how much a sound level or audio signal varies from another signal, or reference level. You might refer to a sound as being 10dB louder than another sound or 3dB softer. A 3dB change is about the minimum change in sound level that most of us can perceive. A 10dB change sounds about twice as loud.
Decibels are always relative. To use decibels to represent a specific quantity, you need to know the reference, or 0 dB level. In the case of sound intensity, 0 dB SPL represents the threshold of hearing of a young undamaged ear (a pressure of about 3 billionths of a pound per square inch). In this case, all sound pressure levels are positive numbers that show how much louder a sound is than the threshold of hearing ...
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2. 72 note
72 Note: The musical scale 72 tone equal temperament accesses just intervals up to the 17-limit yet includes 12 tone equal temperament.
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Like other Middle Eastern music, the music of Iran is modal in nature. Initially (before the Qajar dynasty) each of the major modes had an associated formula for melodic invention (mayeh). The mayeh included rules for cadences, a heirarchy of tones, and acceptable melodic patterns. Using the mayeh as a guideline, the musician was expected to improvise within a single mode for the duration of the performance, much as is done with Indian raga.
Gradually, this method became cumbersome for the musicians and for the listeners. As a result, during the Qajar dynasty, the old modes and mayehs were restructured and the dastgah system was developed. The modes were replaced by the twelve dastgahs. Each dastagah has an associated eight note scale, and each tone in the scale has a special significance, with one note being designated the analogue of the tonic in Western diatonic music. The dastgah also has its own repertory of melodies, each of which is called a gushe....
Gradually, this method became cumbersome for the musicians and for the listeners. As a result, during the Qajar dynasty, the old modes and mayehs were restructured and the dastgah system was developed. The modes were replaced by the twelve dastgahs. Each dastagah has an associated eight note scale, and each tone in the scale has a special significance, with one note being designated the analogue of the tonic in Western diatonic music. The dastgah also has its own repertory of melodies, each of which is called a gushe....
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4. tunings
There must be a strong psychoacoustical basis for stability conditions. For pitch collections, this entails intervals that proceed gradually from very small to comparatively large frequency ratios.
It seems likely Lerdahl's point here is that intervals proceed gradually from small frequency ratios to larger frequency ones rather than suddenly. The classic Just diatonic scale does this and, to a lesser extent, so does the Pythagorean scale....
It seems likely Lerdahl's point here is that intervals proceed gradually from small frequency ratios to larger frequency ones rather than suddenly. The classic Just diatonic scale does this and, to a lesser extent, so does the Pythagorean scale....
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thirtyseconds,
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