When you pluck a note on a guitar string, there isn't very much that can go wrong. You may not play the right note at the right time, of course, but a single note will always come out at the expected pitch, and sounding reasonably musical. When a beginner tries to play a violin, things are much more difficult. When a bow is drawn across a string, the result might be a musical note at the desired pitch, but on the other hand it might be an undesirable whistle, screech or graunch. This difference stems from a fundamental distinction between the physics of plucked and bowed strings ...
Linear versus nonlinear: plucked versus bowed
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A table comparing various temperaments, including Equal Temperament, Pythagorean, another "natural" tuning, two mean-tone tunings, several "Well" temperaments, two "Indian" tunings, two "Persian" tunings. The discussion is carried out using the key of C as example....
"Why I hate Vallotti (or is it Young?)", By Ross W. Duffin
Department of Music
Case Western Reserve University.
Abstract:
Modern performers of Baroque music are increasingly using historical temperaments. Among the dozens of temperament solutions proposed by theorists during the 17th and 18th centuries, related temperaments by Francesc' Antonio Vallotti and Thomas Young are among the most popular today, to the point where they arguably dominate the field.This article briefly reviews the technical basis for temperaments, then presents the historical and musical evidence for and against the temperaments of Vallotti and Young in performances of Baroque music. Graphics and sound illustrations allow comparison of the different temperaments both by constituent intervals and complete pieces.On both historical and musical grounds, the author pleads for a more critical approach to Baroque temperament choices, suggesting that 1/6 comma meantone might be a better temperament for most ensemble situations.
This page contains MIDI files
(and a few audio/basic .au files) that illustrate, using short pieces, various historical tunings and temperaments. It is still very much work-in-progress (incomplete and still-to-come examples, incomplete checks of music and pitch bending). MIDI might not be the best approach for this type of demos because of the different sounds of MIDI synths (for example, one adds a vibrato to the violin, making it useless for our purposes). Java Sound might offer better predictability...
Ear Training and Music Study:
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Unlimited practice at easy levels with IMMEDIATE feedback.
Learn to recognize every scale step with graduated Pitch ID practice.
Use that ability for dictation with graduated Melodic ID and Chord ID exercises.
Learn beat patterns with Rhythm ID.
Learn all scale and chord spellings with Spell ID.
Keyboard temperament analyzer/calculator - Bradley Lehman.
Excel spreadsheet that analyzes keyboard temperaments:
gives beat rates for tuning, and harmonic-tension charts in all keys.